Sociology Research Guide

This guide will help sociology researchers find quality links to information from websites from organizations, universities, and dependable sources.

Introduction to Research at the NEIU Libraries

What is a journal and a peer reviewed article?

In this video, you will learn how to evaluate the difference between scholarly journals and other kinds of periodicals, and how to describe the peer-review process.

Length: 1:24

Databases for Scholarly Research

Primary Source vs. Secondary Source

What is a primary source?

A primary source is a firsthand account of an event that happened, data from a study, or an original work and are considered to be authoritative. Here are some examples of primary sources:

  • Photographs of historical events
  • News articles 
  • Interviews and/or oral histories
  • Autobiographies by historical or famous people 
  • Letters and journals
  • Published essays and opinion pieces
  • Original works of art
  • Documentaries
  • Excerpts from radio broadcasts and podcasts
  • Data from studies and surveys
  • Poll results
  • Recordings of speeches, music, and other performances
  • Government documents about specific policies and laws
  • Laws (as in, the actual text of an ordinance or law)

What is a secondary source?

Secondary sources are a step removed from primary sources. Secondary sources involve analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of primary sources. They often attempt to describe or explain primary sources. Secondary sources include:

  • Essays analyzing novels, works of art, and other original creations
  • Textbook passages discussing specific concepts, events, and experiments
  • Biographies of historical and famous people
  • Books about specific events, concepts, movements, and works
  • Political commentary
  • Magazine articles
  • Scholarly articles that interpret original data (the raw data would be a primary source)
  • Blog or website posts describing or interpreting an event or person

Recommended Web Resources for Citations

  • Purdue OWL // Purdue Writing Lab - The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects.
  • ZoteroBib - ZoteroBib helps you build a bibliography instantly from any computer or device, without creating an account or installing any software. It’s brought to you by the team behind Zotero, the powerful open-source research tool recommended by thousands of universities worldwide, so you can trust it to help you seamlessly add sources and produce perfect bibliographies. If you need to reuse sources across multiple projects or build a shared research library, we recommend using Zotero instead.
  • Zotero | Your personal research assistant - Zotero is a free and open-source reference management software to manage bibliographic data and related research materials.